Vichy France Wikipedia. French Statetat Franais. Client state of Nazi Germany1. Puppet government of Nazi Germany1. Government in exile1. MottoTravail, Famille, PatrieWork, Family, FatherlandAnthemLa MarseillaiseofficialMarchal, nous voil 2Marshal, here we are unofficialThe French State in 1. French State French State, German military occupation zone French protectorates. Capital. Vichyde factoParisade jureCapital in exile. Sigmaringen1. 94. Languages. French. Weve all done it. Thrown ourselves onto the couch, phone in hand, determined to like only a few Instagram pictures of dogs in backpacks and inspirational. Download the free trial version below to get started. Doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software. Government. Authoritarian state. Chief of State 1. Philippe Ptain. Prime Minister 1. Philippe Ptain 1. Pierre Laval. Legislature. National Assembly. Historical era. World War II Second Compigne. June 1. 94. 0 Ptain given full powers. July 1. 94. 0 Operation Torch. November 1. 94. 2 Case Anton. November 1. 94. 2 German retreat. Summer 1. 94. 4 Disestablished. Capture of the Sigmaringen enclave. April 1. 94. 5Currency. French franca. Paris remained the formal capital of the French State, although the Vichy government never operated from there. Although the French Republics institutions were officially maintained, the word Republic never occurred in any official document of the Vichy government. Vichy France French Rgime de Vichy is the common name of the French State tat franais headed by Marshal Philippe Ptain during World War II. It represented the unoccupied Free Zone zone libre in the southern part of metropolitan France and French North Africa. From 1. 94. 0 to 1. Vichy regime was the nominal government of France as a whole, Germany militarily occupied northern France. Thus, while Paris remained the de jure capital of France, the de facto capital of southern, unoccupied France was the town of Vichy, 3. Following the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1. France was also militarily occupied by Germany and Italy. The Vichy government remained in existence, but as a de factoclient state of Nazi Germany. The Vichy government was suspended in late 1. Allies liberated all of France. After being appointed Premier by President Albert Lebrun, Marshal Ptain ordered the French Governments military representatives to sign an armistice with Germany on 2. June 1. 94. 0. Ptain subsequently established an authoritarian regime when the National Assembly of the French Third Republic granted him full powers on 1. July 1. 94. 0. At that point, the Third Republic was dissolved. Calling for National Regeneration, the French Government at Vichy reversed many liberal policies and began tight supervision of the economy, with central planning a key feature. Labour unions came under tight government control. The independence of women was reversed, with an emphasis put on motherhood. Conservative Catholics became prominent. Paris lost its avant garde status in European art and culture. The media were tightly controlled and stressed virulent anti Semitism, and, after June 1. Bolshevism. 3The French State maintained nominal sovereignty over the whole of French territory, but had effective full sovereignty only in the unoccupied southern zone libre free zone. It had limited and only civil authority in the northern zones under military occupation. The occupation was to be a provisional state of affairs, pending the conclusion of the war, which at the time appeared imminent. The occupation also presented certain advantages, such as keeping the French Navy and French colonial empire under French control, and avoiding full occupation of the country by Germany, thus maintaining a degree of French independence and neutrality. The French Government at Vichy never joined the Axis alliance. Germany kept two million French soldiers prisoner, carrying out forced labour. They were hostages to ensure that Vichy would reduce its military forces and pay a heavy tribute in gold, food, and supplies to Germany. French police were ordered to round up Jews and other undesirables such as communists and political refugees. Much of the French public initially supported the government, despite its undemocratic nature and its difficult position vis vis the Germans, often seeing it as necessary to maintain a degree of French autonomy and territorial integrity. In November 1. 94. Axis forces, leading to the disbandment of the remaining army and the French sinking of its remaining fleet and ending any semblance of independence, with Germany now closely supervising all French officials. Most of the overseas French colonies were originally under Vichy control, but with the Allied invasion of North Africa it lost one colony after another to Charles de Gaulles Allied oriented Free France. Public opinion in some quarters turned against the French government and the occupying German forces over time, when it became clear that Germany was losing the war, and resistance to them increased. Following the Allied invasion of France in June 1. Liberation of France later that year, the Free French Provisional Government of the French Republic GPRF was installed by the Allies as Frances government, led by de Gaulle. Under a national unanimity cabinet uniting the many factions of the French Resistance, the GPRF re established a provisional French Republic, thus apparently restoring continuity with the Third Republic. Most of the legal French governments leaders at Vichy fled or were subject to show trials by the GPRF, and a number were quickly executed for treason in a series of purges puration lgale. Thousands of collaborators were summarily executed by local communists and the Resistance in so called savage purges puration sauvage. The last of the French State exiles were captured in the Sigmaringen enclave by de Gaulles French 1st Armoured Division in April 1. Ptain, who had voluntarily made his way back to France via Switzerland, was also put on trial for treason by the new Provisional Government, and received a death sentence, but this was commuted to life imprisonment by de Gaulle. Only four senior Vichy officials were tried for crimes against humanity, although many more had participated in the deportation of Jews for extermination in Nazi concentration camps, abuses of prisoners, and severe acts against members of the Resistance. OvervieweditIn 1. Marshal Ptain was known as a First World War hero, the victor of the battle of Verdun. As the last premier of the Third Republic, being a reactionary by inclination, he blamed the Third Republics democracy for Frances sudden defeat by Germany. He set up a paternalistic, authoritarian regime that actively collaborated with Germany, Vichys official neutrality notwithstanding. The Vichy government cooperated with the Nazis racial policies. Terminologyedit. France under German occupation Nazis occupied the southern zone starting in November 1. Operation Case Anton. The yellow zone was under Italian administration. After the National Assembly under the Third Republic voted to give full powers to Philippe Ptain on July 1. Rpublique franaise French Republic disappeared from all official documents. From that point on, the regime was referred to officially as the tat franais French State. Because of its unique situation in the history of France, its contested legitimacy,1 and the generic nature of its official name, the French State is most often represented in English by the synonyms Vichy France, Vichy regime, government of Vichy, or in context, simply Vichy. Personal flag of Philippe Ptain, Chief of State of Vichy France Chef de ltat FranaisThe territory under the control of the Vichy government was the unoccupied, southern portion of France south of the Line of Demarcation, as established by the Armistice of June 2. French territories, such as French North Africa, which was an integral part of Vichy, and where all antisemitic Vichys laws were also implemented. This was called the Unbesetztes Gebiet Unoccupied zone by the Germans, and known as the Zone libre Free Zone in France, or less formally as the southern zone zone du sud especially after Operation Anton, the invasion of the Zone libre by German forces in November 1.
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